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Corticosteroids: What Are They? Written by Ana Gotter on October 30, Overview When are they prescribed? Types of corticosteroids Common corticosteroids Side effects Extra considerations Interactions Tips to minimize side effects Takeaway Share on Pinterest. What are corticosteroids? When are they prescribed? Types of corticosteroids. Common corticosteroids. Corticosteroids can decrease the effectiveness of medications used to treat diabetes. If you need to take both of these medications, your blood glucose levels will usually be checked more regularly and your dose of diabetes medication may need to be adjusted.
Corticosteroids, including steroid inhalers, can sometimes interact with a type of medication known as protease inhibitors such as ritonavir used to treat HIV. The HIV medication may increase the level of corticosteroid in your body, which might increase your risk of experiencing side effects.
Some vaccinations contain a weakened form of the infection they are designed to protect against. These are known as live vaccines. Examples of live vaccines include:. As corticosteroids can weaken your immune system and make you more vulnerable to infection, you should avoid any live vaccine until at least three months after your course of corticosteroids has finished.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs are a group of commonly used painkillers, such as ibuprofen , that are available over the counter at pharmacists. Combining NSAIDs and corticosteroids can increase your risk of developing stomach ulcers and internal bleeding.
If you need to take both medications, you may be given an additional medication called a proton pump inhibitor PPI to reduce the risk of stomach ulcers. Some of the main side effects are listed below, but this is not a complete list. To learn about all the possible side effects of your medication, read the patient information leaflet that comes with it. Inhaled steroids usually have few or no side effects if used at normal doses.
However, they can sometimes cause:. Rinsing your mouth out with water after using your medication can help to prevent oral thrush, and using a device called a spacer with your medication can help to prevent many of the other problems. There is also some evidence that steroid inhalers used by people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD can increase the risk of chest infections such as pneumonia.
Inhaled steroids at high doses can sometimes cause some of the more serious side effects that are more often linked with steroid tablets see below , but this is rare. Steroids that are injected into muscles and joints may cause some pain and swelling at the site of the injection. However, this should pass within a few days. Steroid injections can also cause muscle or tendon weakness, so you may be advised to rest the treated area for a few days after the injection.
Other possible side effects can include infections, blushing, and thinning and lightening of the skin in the area where the injection is given. Because of the risk of side effects, steroid injections are often only given at intervals of at least 6 weeks and a maximum of 3 injections into one area is usually recommended.
Steroids that are injected into a blood vessel intravenous steroids may sometimes cause some of the more widespread side effects described below. Short, occasional courses of steroid tablets taken for no longer than three weeks are very unlikely to cause troublesome side effects. Most side effects should improve if you're able to reduce your dosage or eventually stop taking the medication.
You may have regular checks and tests for conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and glaucoma if you need to take steroid tablets on a long-term basis.
Home Tests and treatments Medicines and medical aids Types of medicine Corticosteroids. When taken in doses higher than the amount your body normally produces, steroids reduce redness and swelling inflammation.
This can help with inflammatory conditions such as asthma and eczema. Steroids also reduce the activity of the immune system, which is the body's natural defence against illness and infection. This can help treat autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, which are caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body.
Page last reviewed: 14 January Next review due: 14 January They are different to the anabolic steroids which some athletes and bodybuilders use. Anabolic steroids have very different effects.
Steroids are available as tablets, soluble tablets, and liquids solutions , creams, ointments, inhalers and injections. The other group is called mineralocorticoids. This is the type usually used for replacing steroids the body isn't producing itself, and the common one used is fludrocortisone.
They usually come as tablets, but some also come as dispersible dissolvable tablets or solutions. They are also used to treat the effects of some cancers. In addition they can be prescribed as replacement treatment for people whose own natural steroids are lacking for example, in Addison's disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hypopituitarism. This will vary with individual steroids and with the condition for which they are prescribed.
For short courses, usually a relatively high dose is prescribed each day, for a few days or a week or so, and then stopped abruptly at the end of the course. If taken for more than three weeks, the dose will need to be tailed off gradually. For those who have to take steroids for a longer time, a common treatment plan is to start with a high dose to control symptoms.
Often the dose is then slowly reduced to a lower daily dose that keeps symptoms away. The length of treatment can vary, depending on the disease. Sometimes the steroid treatment is gradually stopped if the condition improves. However, steroids are needed for life for some conditions, as symptoms return if the steroids are stopped. Your pharmacist will give you exact instructions. It will depend on which steroid you take, and what it is for. Mostly steroids are taken first thing in the morning, with food.
A short course of steroids usually causes no side-effects. For example, a 1- to 2-week course is often prescribed to ease a severe attack of asthma. This is usually taken without any problems. Side-effects are more likely to occur if you take a long course of steroids more than months , or if you take short courses repeatedly. The higher the dose, the greater the risk of side-effects. This is why the lowest possible dose which controls symptoms is aimed for if you need steroids long-term.
Some diseases need a higher dose than others to control symptoms. Even for the same disease, the dose needed often varies from person to person.
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