Bankruptcy laws also protect troubled businesses and provide for orderly distributions to business creditors through reorganization or liquidation. The vast majority of cases are filed under the three main chapters of the Bankruptcy Code, which are Chapter 7, Chapter 11, and Chapter Courts of Special Jurisdiction These include the U. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, the U. Court of Federal Claims, the U. Court of International Trade, the U. Tax Court, the U.
However, if that same case were decided entirely on a state law similar to the First Amendment, the Supreme Court of the United States would not be able to consider the case. After the circuit court or state supreme court has ruled on a case, either party may choose to appeal to the Supreme Court.
Unlike circuit court appeals, however, the Supreme Court is usually not required to hear the appeal. If the writ is granted, the Supreme Court will take briefs and conduct oral argument.
The Court typically hears cases when there are conflicting decisions across the country on a particular issue or when there is an egregious error in a case.
There are nine justices on the court — eight associate justices and one chief justice. The Constitution sets no requirements for Supreme Court justices, though all current members of the court are lawyers and most have served as circuit court judges. Justices are also often former law professors.
The chief justice acts as the administrator of the court and is chosen by the President and approved by the Congress when the position is vacant. The Supreme Court meets in Washington, D. The court conducts its annual term from the first Monday of October until each summer, usually ending in late June. You are here U. Attorneys » Justice Introduction To The Federal Court System The federal court system has three main levels: district courts the trial court , circuit courts which are the first level of appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States, the final level of appeal in the federal system.
District Courts The district courts are the general trial courts of the federal court system. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands, are the federal trial courts. It is in the district courts that federal cases are tried, witnesses testify, and juries serve. Cases decided in District court can be appealed to the Court of Appeals that serves your state. The work of the federal courts often affects many people besides those involved in a specific lawsuit.
There are 12 regional circuits and a U. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The Court of Appeals determine if the laws were applied properly in the trial court. There are currently nine Supreme Court Justices. The Supreme Court usually hears cases that have already gone through the federal Court of Appeals system, and sometimes state Supreme Courts. Unlike the Courts of Appeals, the Supreme Court is not required to hear every case that is submitted to it.
In fact, the Supreme Court hears only a very small percentage of the cases it is asked to review. If a Supreme Court does not hear a case, the decision of the Court of Appeals is retained. In , although the circuit courts decided over 57, cases, the Supreme Court actually heard and decided less than For example, the Supreme Court's decision in the Brown vs.
Board of Education affected many more people than the plaintiff, Linda Brown. As a result of the decision, African American children throughout the country were allowed to attend previously all-white public schools. Constitution, the President nominates men and women to serve on the federal District Courts, the Courts of Appeals, and the U.
There are 89 districts in the 50 states, with five more in the U. Each federal district is designated within one of the several federal circuits. The Federal District Court is the only federal court with jurisdiction or authority over civilians who commit federal crimes. Other federal courts hear specific types of disputes.
The United States Court of International Trade hears cases involving international trade and customs issues. While the power of the federal courts is strictly limited, the following are the types of cases that district courts can hear and decide:.
For most of these cases, a plaintiff can choose to bring these cases in either a Federal District Court or a state court.
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